A1C Levels Explained: Normal Range, Prediabetes & How to Lower It
Also known as: Hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin, A1C blood test
A1C (hemoglobin A1C) reflects your average blood sugar over the past two to three months by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin coated with sugar. It's the standard test for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. A normal A1C is below 5.7%; 5.7–6.4% indicates prediabetes, and 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.
A1C normal range
| Category | Range (%) |
|---|---|
| Normal | < 5.7% |
| Prediabetes | 5.7–6.4% |
| Diabetes | ≥ 6.5%Usually confirmed with a repeat test |
| Common treatment target | < 7%Individualized by your doctor |
Reference ranges vary by laboratory. Use the range printed on your own report as the definitive comparison.
What high A1C can mean
- Prediabetes or diabetes
- Poorly controlled blood sugar in known diabetes
- Conditions that raise average glucose
What low A1C can mean
- Well-controlled or low blood sugar
- Recent blood loss or anemia (can falsely lower A1C)
- Conditions that shorten red-cell lifespan
What to do about an abnormal result
- To lower A1C: focus on consistent carbohydrate choices, regular activity, weight management, and any prescribed medication.
- A1C reflects a 2–3 month average, so recheck after about 3 months to see the effect of changes.
- Certain anemias and hemoglobin variants can skew A1C — tell your doctor if you have them.
Understand your own results
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Frequently asked questions
What A1C level is considered diabetes?
An A1C of 6.5% or higher meets the threshold for diabetes, usually confirmed with a repeat test. An A1C of 5.7–6.4% indicates prediabetes, and below 5.7% is normal.
How can I lower my A1C?
Lowering A1C generally comes from steady blood-sugar control: balanced, consistent carbohydrate intake, regular physical activity, weight management, adequate sleep, and taking any prescribed diabetes medication. Because A1C is a 2–3 month average, changes take a few months to show up.
What is a normal A1C for seniors?
For many older adults, a normal A1C is still below 5.7%, but treatment targets are often relaxed (for example under 7.5–8%) to reduce the risk of low blood sugar. Targets are individualized, so discuss the right goal with your doctor.
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Medically reviewed by Antonieta Rueda, MD and Ayham Shneker, MD · Last reviewed July 6, 2026
This article is for informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or your lab results.